I've been thinking a lot about translation lately, in large part because I reviewed the Dalkey Archive Best European Fiction 2010 anthology for the Quarterly Conversation (forthcoming, I'll let you know when it comes forth). What seemed most interesting to me about that collection was the idea that there ever is a kind of fiction that can be classified as "European"; and the kinds of stories contained in that volume seem to suggest that translation can be a means of turning disparate cultures into one big melting pot. Then I read this piece on Néojaponisme– a translation of Mori Ōgai 森鴎外’s Honyaku ni tsuite「翻譯に就いて」 (”On translation”), published in 1914 for a collection of essays on literary technique– and it sort of complicates that idea, dealing, as it does, with a Norwegian text and Japanese as the target language.
Ōgai talks about the virtues of being "wrong" in translation– adding or detracting from the original text; of most interest, I think, is the final section in which he contemplates how far a translation should go into the source culture. On translating Ibsen's A Doll House, he writes:
The sweets that Nora eats I translated makuron マクロン. Write rather amedama
飴玉, I was told. Advice like this simply boggles the mind. Tins of
almond macaroons have been shipped here in great number so that you may
buy them at Aokido whenever you please. Reflect, if you will, on the
difference in situation between a woman of the West eating a macaroon
and a child of Japan eating an amedama. I recall one scene in a
novel by someone-or-other wherein two female university students in
Paris’s Latin Quarter munch on macaroons as they trade stories of
heartbreak. To switch those macaroons for amedama, of all
things — well, it would certainly be comical. The gist of such
teachings is that item should appear in translation as appropriately
chosen items unique to Japan, but as for myself, I strive to avoid
things unique to Japan, the better to produce an extraordinary effect.
Furthermore, we only consider here cases where there is an appropriate corresponding item. When uniquely Japanese and inappropriate items appear, the results are quite unbearable.
To be continued when the QC review runs.